is how the justice system was wrong in other ways that affect everyday people throughout this country, and that is what we are going to be talking about today. we are talking about failures, like of when when a person is wy tried because they have a name -- wrongly accused because they have a name similar to someone else. we try about 250 cases a year, and in about half of those cases, there are acquittals, and what that means is a series agree about half the time -- juries agree about half the time with our assessment of the case. we know about the failures we

have heard about in san francisco of late, including a technician in the police department crime lab, who was stealing drugs from the lab. we do not know for what time, but there are grams of cocaine that are missing from evidence common and that opened -- from evidence, and that opened and pandora's box. that is shocking that an individual could do that, but probably the more outrageous factor is that it went on for as long as it did and nobody acted on it, and then just recently, we heard there were as many as 130 police officers who have either criminal convictions or misconduct records that are not being disclosed by the district

attorney in san francisco, and that is the obligation they have under the law. how could this happen? who is affected by this? the media often portrays it as criminals walking free, but we do have the presumption of innocence in this country, and the question we should be asking is how do these unjust acts affect everyday persons. you might think, i will never have any contact with this. what does it matter? whether you are a juror, a witness, a victim, or god forbid you find yourself as the accused in a criminal case, you want to make sure there is a system in place that has integrity, that has professionalism, and this is not to say that in san francisco we

do not do a great job of creating just outcomes, but these are huge problems, and they raise even greater questions. role of the public defender is the role that is often not known. the public defender has the responsibility of defending the public, whether we enforce the bill of rights, whether we insure the constitution, including the right to effective counsel, are kept, whether it is making sure the individual is protected against the machinery of the government now, and the power of the government, the public defender has the role of ensuring accountability in our system. it is a difficult role because we have not been given the resources we need to do that job.

from the early days, the public defender's office as well as conflicts council, assigned to rept represent people in cases has not received the resources that we need in order to do our jobs properly. so we're going to talk about those failings as well. so we have a great panel. i'm so exciteded to introduce and give you an overview of what's going to happen today. we have speakers from all over the country and we're going to talk about injustice and how in their experience it affects every day people. and our second panel is going to talk about the need to remake the image of a public defender. you always think public

pretender or dump truck. right? part of that is the way in which public defenders are presented. i remember that scene from -- and how a public defender was portrayed in that film but we're going to talk about how public defenders and defense attorneys are portrayed with you but more importantly how it affects our ability to get fair trials for clients and we're also going to talk about what to do about it. today you'll be the first one to see it, a professionally produced public service announcement about why it is important that we do what we do and that's going to be during the second panel. the third panel, which will be after lunch, will talk about the obstacles to a person clearing their criminal history. it is called an exspungment.

and there is laws that determine when a person can clear the record but there is there are tremendous obstacles in the way for a person. for example, if you have been convicted and sent to state prison, there is a seven-year waiting period before you can fight to have your record expunged through a pardon process. our third panel will be talking about that issue. so we've got a great program for you today. and i know you're going to enjoy it. i'm now going to introduce two speakers. two great leaders who are the heads of two of the most progressive legal organizations in california. the first is arturo gonzalez, the president of the bar association of san francisco. arturo is one of the top trial

lawyers in the nation and he's a partner at morrison forester. we've had the pleasure of working with the bar association for -- over the past 20 years to provide services to people who can't afford lawyers when the public defender is not available and so we're very pleased to have arturo here on behalf of the bar association. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. three days ago in one of the most closely watched supreme court cases this term, graham versus florida, the united states superior court forbid the sentences of a juvenile to life in prison without the possibility of parole for a

non-homicide crime. they found such a sentence is consistent with basic principles of decency. i'm proud to say that my firm was co-counsel for the juvenile in this case and wrote the brief for the juvenile in the court. this decision gives our clients, terrance graham, who had received the sentence of life without the possibility of parole. the bad acts he committed as a teenager are not representative of his true character and gives him some realistic opportunity to gain release before the end of his term. i personally understand the importance of the work that you do. but our nation's fiscal crisis threatens your very existence. as predicted 25 years ago by

chief justice rose berg , she said the following. we have no difficulty, it seems finding sufficient funds to build more prisons. one of california's largest industries. but each year, public defenders and private providers of quality defense battle for every dollar needed to protect this constitutional right. the bar association of san francisco is committed to partnerering with, not competing with our public defenders. san francisco fortunate to have a strong public defender and a bar system committed to quality representation for the poor. to best guarantee quality indigent defense, our partnership with the public defender and bar association is essential. they are each other's complements. the sum of the part that makes

the whole of criminal defense work so well in san francisco. a challenge for our profession will be to ensure that cities and counties fighting seemingly endless budget deficits do not fall prey to the burgeoning business offered through websites of contract services for criminal defense. our constitution mandates that people accused of crimes be represented by comp at the present time council. not the last expensive council. on a separate note, a word about arizona bill 1070. many years ago when jewish persons were told to wear yellow stars, lawyers sat silent. we know what that led to. and even then, lawyers sat silent.

we must never again allow ourselves to go silent when laws are passed that threaten the basic liberties of any person or people. today the board of directors at the bar association of san francisco will consider a resolution that i drafted to boycott the state of arizona. we will encourage our members, member firms and other firms throughout this state and the country to boycott arizona. there are other places to do business, to hold conventions or to spend vacations. in closing, it is important that we come together today to make our commitment known and public. that the bar association of san francisco stands shoulder to shoulder with our public defender and california attorneys for criminal justice. we will hold our lawmakers accountable. if they fail to properly fund those agencies responsible for

defending those accused of crimes. and we will not sit silent when politicians pass and sign draconian new laws. we are lawyers. we are proud to be lawyers. we will fight for our clients and to defend our constitution. thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much, arturo. our next speaker is jose verala. i'm very pleased to announce that he was just sworn in as a public defender. he is also the newly sworn in and elected president to have california public defender's association which is the largest statewide, about 4,000 members. jose? [applause]

>> thank you very much. on behalf of the over 4,000 members over the california public defenders office i want to thank you for being here. it is an honor to see so many people here whose lives are dedicated to making the lives of other people better. at the california public defender's office, it is a 40-year old organization that has grown from a small unit into now one of the most powerful lobbying organizations in the country. we fight for justice in legislative committees and we fight for justice in making sure that attorneys are trained well and have the competencey to deliver the kind of services that people who don't have the ability to afford council have council that are as prepared as anyone else. it is with great pride that we see our young attorneys being able to come into court and have the courage, the incidence separation and the ability to be

able to deliver results that money can't buy and that's the wonderful, wonderful thing about it. people become public defenders, i think, because they were raised on the mother's moifling three words by two leaders. i believe we were raised by the three words we shall overcome. i believe we were raised by the three words seize that weather. that we as human beings can help other human beings make their circumstances better, depend themselves and maintain human dignity in the face of onslaughts that come from every angle. we are blessed to do this work. we should never be ashamed to be public defenders. we should always be proud of what it is that we do for people and in fact, what they return to us. we are made better by the work that we do and may god bless all of your efforts. thank you. [applause]

>> thank you, jose. the event today is also sponsored by the california attorneys for criminal justice. i also want to especially thank the rosenberg foundation and executive director tim solard who provided a grant to make this possible so thank you so much the rosenberg foundation and of course i want to thank all the volunteers who worked so hard to make this event happen today. now i'm very excited to introduce our keynote speaker. our keynote speaker is and was the first "lady lawyer" in california. it's true. because when she decided that she wanted to become a lawyer, there was one problem, the law in california didn't allow it. and so she had to change the law, which she did.

she also wanted to go to law school right here at hastings college of law but they had a policy that said only men could go do that law school so she sued hastings college of the law and she changed that and she was the first woman to attend hastings law school. and when she got out of law school, there were no jobs. no jobs. because no one would hire women. so what did she do? she became a criminal defense attorney because that was the one place where it didn't matter and she fought harder than a man and that was good enough for her clients and she became one of the top criminal defense attorneys and she practiced right here in san francisco. she also began advocating to change laws. so she changed the law that used to be that in criminal trials

throughout the trial you were shackled. you were actually shackled and she was one that changed that law here in san francisco and it later spread throughout the state. she was the first to call for a parole system out of the state prison, our state prisons. she was the first to change the law so that juveniles or young people were not houses with adults. -- housed with adulthoods. and we're very excited that she's here. she is actually here with us today. and she also was the first one to come up with the idea of the public defender. she is the founder of the public defender. this is 80 years before the united states supreme court decided to the gideon case where it that he would the states had to provide counsel and her name

is clara shortridge fultz. and clara, are you in the house? let's give it up. [applause] >> my name is clara shortridge fultz. and they call me the lady lawyer. as a child i wanted to be a lawyer. i went to my father and told him i want to be a lawyer and he said you would make a great lawyer. if you were a boy. so i buried that dream. but i never forgot. at 15, i met a handsome union soldier named jeremiah fultz and we eloped. we moved west to greener

pasttures. first to oregon. then san jose, california. it was around 1876 and i had just had my fifth child. i was working at home as a dress maker and the sheriff came to the door and took my sewing machine for a debt that my husband owed. well, i knew this was illegal. i had been reading blackstone since i was 10. so i went to the court and i pled my own case and won. then, after that, mr. fultz decided he needed to go on to greener pasttures and he left so i realized that i was going to be the court of myself and my children. so i decided now is my chance to

be a lawyer. why couldn't i be a lawyer? well, it is right there in the code. you have to be of good moral character. i'm that. you have to be over 21. i'm that. and a white male. so i simply took the code, took out white male, put in person and called it the laid lawyer bill and off i went to -- the lady lawyer bill and off i went to sacramento. there i was. now i had very little money so i was able to talk a conductor of one of the trains into taking me in the caboose for free but i got to sacramento. when i arrived there at the state capitol it was a constitutional convention and i never saw so many men, so well -- throwing tantrums over a

little woman like me just wanting to be a lawyer. well, their faces were as red as turkey gobblers. they just could not buy that whole idea. but i just kept arguing. in n a lady like manner of course. and the bill passed on the second vote. now there are hundreds of these bills before the convention and they would not become law until the governor signed them. well, time was running out. it was almost midnight on the last day. i didn't know what to do. so i stroled into the governor's office and up to his desk and i politely told him that i would like to be a lawyer and he said why? and i said because that's my lifelong dream and why couldn't a woman be a lawyer? he signed that bill and i became

the first woman lawyer in california and the west coast. but even though i became that lawyer, i felt i would be -- i could get more clients if i had a law degree. see, i was self-educated. so i went to hastings law school to register and they said they wouldn't permit me to be there. something about the rustling of petticoats bothering the male students. i don't know. so my friend and i, lori gordon, we sued hastings, which included judge hastings, one of the great lawyers and judges at that time and oh, they were mad and oh, did they fight us, all the way up to the california supreme court. and we won. and became the first woman law student. now i hung up my shingles.

throngs of clients did not come to my door and those who did had little or no money. i began to defend them and they didn't care that i was a woman. they just wanted someone who would fight for them and would win, which i did a lot of. but then there is also -- there were a few of those judges and prosecutors that were a different story when it came to being around women. i remember this one prosecutor in san francisco. >> she's a woman! she cannot be expected to reason. god almighty has decreed her limitations. but you can reason. and you must use your factor you mights of reason -- faculties of reason to find against this young woman. >> oh, my! i am that formidable, terrifying

object known as women. while he is only a poor, helpless, defenseless man. and he wants you to take pity on him and give him the verdict in this case. i sympathize with counsel in his unhappy condition. true, the world is -- he is -- of all men. he can aspire to the highest office. he can carry -- around the streets during election and pay for his vote. and like alexander, he wants more worlds to conquer. and norled awaken your sympathy -- in order to awaken your sympathy, he tells you that i am a woman and he is only a man.

[applause] now every time -- every time the jury voted not guilty as they did in this case, i knew i had won not only a victory for myself but for women everywhere. suddenly i found myself in demand. i even tried cases throughout california, denver and new york. but something deeply concerned me about the problems in the criminal injustice system. i began to challenge the practices right here in san francisco where they were not only shackling prisoners but they were putting them in a cage like you see at the zoo and i took that case on and i won. i was arguing that the presumption of innocence did not allow this barbaric treatment. i also worked to improve

conditions in prisons separating juveniles from adults and even getting women as mate rons for women prisoners. but as i tried more and more cases i became convinced that the only way we could have equal and fair justice systems was to provide lawyers for the court. i called them public defenders. >> mrs. clara shortridge fultz who was introducing her proposed law on lawyers for the poor here at the 1893 chicago worlds fair. >> thank you. the recommend disof many of the evils of -- remedies of many of the evils nice the appointment of a public defender. for every public prosecutor there should be a public defender chosen in the same way, paid out of the same funds as

public prosecutor. police and sheriffs should be equally at hor command -- his or her command. it should meet the legitimate mat expenses. let the criminal court recognize on the basis of an exact and equal justice. let our courts be broad enough and generous enough to make the law a shield, not just a sword. and there will come to this date as a natural consequence all of those blessings which flow from the constitutional ob indications consciously kept and the government's duties sacredly performed. that was one of my proudest moments. over 36 states picked up the program but it was kind of troubling me. it took over 20 years for

california to open up the public defender's office. first in los angeles in 1916 and then here in san francisco in 1921. so, remember, you have to keep trying. go after your dreams. i did. wait if you must, but in the end, you will win. [applause] >> thank you very much, and shaffs sharon avey. thank you, sharon for the incredible presentation. i also want to mention she has written a book about clara fultz. if you're interested, get a copy of sharon's book and get it on amazon or get it here in the

lobby. i'm now going introduce our first panel. ordinary injustice. our first panel come from all over the united states. i'm going ask them now to join me on stage. >> as i mentioned earlier, we are going to examine how injustice occurs. and we're going to be